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π Oil Pollution
π Examples
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Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2010): Largest marine oil spill in Gulf of Mexico.
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Ennore Oil Spill (2017): Collision off Chennai coast, impacting marine life and fishermen.
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MV Wakashio Spill (2020): Ship ran aground off Mauritius, spilling oil in a biodiversity-rich area.
π Causes
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Oil spills from tankers, offshore rigs.
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Leakages from drilling, transportation.
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Ballast water discharge, pipeline ruptures.
π Consequences
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Environmental: Marine life death, long-term damage to ecosystems.
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Economic: Livelihood loss, high cleanup costs.
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Health Hazards: Skin disorders, respiratory issues, contamination of seafood.
π Steps Taken
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International: MARPOL Convention, OPRC, IMO standards.
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India: NOS-DCP, INCOIS oil spill trajectory model.
π Way Forward
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Enforce safety regulations, improve warning systems, develop response capacity, promote bioremediation techniques.
#environment #mains
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